Category: Foot

How Therapeutic Shoes Help Protect Feet with Diabetic Neuropathy

Posted on | by Matthew Blackwell

For people living with diabetes, caring for the feet is essential. High blood glucose over time can lead to diabetic neuropathy – nerve damage that reduces sensation in the feet. When the feet lose feeling, everyday pressure, friction, or minor injuries may go unnoticed. Over time, these stresses can develop into diabetic foot ulcers, affecting mobility, independence, and overall quality of life.

That is why choosing the right footwear is so important.

Therapeutic shoes are designed to help protect feet affected by diabetes-related nerve damage by supporting healthy movement, reducing stress on vulnerable tissue, and lowering the risk of skin breakdown. Research shows that specialized footwear can significantly reduce pressure and tissue strain on the foot – two key factors linked to ulcer development – making it a vital part of diabetic foot care for many patients.

In this article, we explore how therapeutic footwear helps safeguard the feet in people with diabetic neuropathy, and how Enovis™ is supporting safer, more confident mobility with the new DonJoy® therapeutic shoe collection.

Why Diabetic Neuropathy Increases Foot Ulcer Risk

Diabetic neuropathy affects the nerves that supply sensation to the feet. Without the ability to feel pain or irritation, patients may not recognise when harmful pressure, heat, or friction is occurring.

This can lead to:

  • Loss of protective sensation
  • Increased risk of skin breakdown
  • Higher likelihood of ulcer formation
  • Reduced balance and gait stability

Because these risks often develop gradually, preventative foot care – including protective footwear – is a cornerstone of long-term diabetic health management.

The Role of Therapeutic Footwear in Diabetic Foot Protection

How footwear reduces pressure and tissue strain

When walking, weight and ground-reaction forces concentrate under the forefoot, especially beneath the metatarsal heads. In diabetic neuropathy, these forces can silently damage tissue.

A clinical biomechanics study investigating people with diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and previous plantar ulcers found that therapeutic footwear significantly reduced both plantar pressure and soft-tissue strain – mechanical factors that contribute to ulcer formation1.

Compared to barefoot loading, therapeutic shoes and supportive inserts progressively lowered harmful forces beneath the foot:

  • Pressure and strain were highest barefoot
  • Both reduced significantly with therapeutic shoes
  • Additional reductions occurred with total-contact inserts and metatarsal pads

Why reducing pressure matters for patients with nerve damage

Lower pressure and controlled strain help limit stress on vulnerable tissue, supporting:

  • Protection against ulcer recurrence
  • Safer daily mobility
  • Improved comfort in weight-bearing activities
  • Confidence in returning to everyday routines

In neuropathic feet, pressure relief isn’t just comfort, it’s injury prevention.

Clinical Evidence: How Supportive Footwear Helps Protect the Diabetic Foot

The study demonstrated clear biomechanical benefits from appropriate footwear for people with diabetic neuropathy:

  • Pressure at the second metatarsal head decreased across all therapeutic footwear conditions
  • Soft-tissue strain also reduced proportionally
  • The most protective configuration (shoe + insert + metatarsal pad) produced the greatest benefit1

This evidence reinforces clinical practice guidance: properly designed therapeutic shoes support pressure redistribution, help protect insensate tissue, and reduce ulcer risk2,3.

Key Features of Effective Therapeutic Shoes for Diabetic Feet

High-quality therapeutic footwear typically includes:

  • Wide toe box to accommodate deformities and swelling
  • Smooth interior with minimal seams to reduce friction
  • Cushioned insole to help distribute pressure
  • Stable, anti-slip outsole for safer walking
  • Breathable, lightweight materials to support long periods of wear
  • Easy fastening systems (zip or hook-and-loop) to support patients with reduced dexterity

These design features work together to help maintain mobility and protect vulnerable feet in everyday environments.

Introducing the New DonJoy® Therapeutic Shoes Collection

Foot health is fundamental to movement, and movement is essential for life. That’s why DonJoy has expanded its trusted orthopedic offering to include a new range of therapeutic footwear designed for patients with diabetes, vascular conditions, post-operative needs, and other foot-health challenges.

The four new models bring therapeutic protection together with everyday style:

Stanley – versatile tennis-style shoe

Lightweight, ventilated upper, easy zip closure, cushioned insole, anti-slip outsole

Newton – casual, breathable sneaker

Perforated upper, generous toe box, zip closure, supportive cushioned interior

Nina – elegant therapeutic loafer for women

Slip-on, elasticated opening, cushioned insole, discreet therapeutic profile

Gaby – soft indoor therapeutic slipper

Hook-and-loop fastening, seamless padded interior, lightweight design

Together, these designs offer options that protect vulnerable feet without compromising appearance or comfort.

Supporting Safer Steps for People with Diabetes

Protecting the feet is essential for anyone living with diabetic neuropathy. Therapeutic footwear provides a clinically supported way to reduce harmful pressure, lower ulcer risk, and support daily mobility and independence.

With the new DonJoy therapeutic shoe collection, patients can move confidently with footwear engineered for comfort, protection, and style – wherever life takes them.

To learn more or request information, visit enovis-medtech.eu or speak with your local Enovis representative.

References

  1. Lott DJ, Hastings MK, Commean PK, Smith KE, Mueller MJ. Effect of footwear and orthotic devices on stress reduction and soft tissue strain of the neuropathic foot. Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2007;22(3):352-359.
  2. Schaper NC, van Netten JJ, Apelqvist J, et al. Practical Guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020;36 Suppl 1:e3266.
  3. Bus SA, Sacco ICN, Monteiro-Soares M, et al. Guidelines on the prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2024;40(3):e3651.

Achilles tendonitis explained: causes, symptoms, treatments

Posted on | by Matthew Blackwell

Achilles tendonitis, also known as Achilles tendinopathy, is an overuse injury affecting the Achilles tendon. It is common among athletes and those engaged in repetitive physical activity, such as running and jumping. This article explains the causes and symptoms of Achilles tendonitis and explores the available treatments.

Causes

Achilles tendonitis often arises from excessive strain on the tendon due to overuse, improper footwear, or poor biomechanics (such as flat feet). Other contributing factors include sudden increases in activity level, weak calf muscles, or tightness in the calf or hamstring.

Athletes who engage in sports like running, basketball, or football are particularly prone to this injury, though it can also occur in people who do not warm up properly or who have abnormal foot posture.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Achilles tendonitis include pain, tenderness, and stiffness in the tendon, particularly at the back of the heel. Pain is often worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity and can be made worse by physical activity.

In some cases, swelling or thickening around the tendon may be visible, and in more severe cases, nodules may form along the tendon.

Prevention, treatment, and management of Achilles tendonitis

Preventing Achilles tendonitis involves ensuring proper training techniques, including gradual increases in the intensity and amount of exercise. Wearing appropriate footwear, stretching before physical activity, and strengthening the calf muscles can also reduce the risk of injury.

If Achilles tendonitis is already present, treatment is the next step. This generally starts with conservative measures like rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications. Physical therapy is crucial in managing Achilles tendonitis, particularly eccentric strengthening exercises that target the calf muscles to reduce strain on the Achilles tendon. Other interventions may include orthotics such as braces or heel lifts to reduce tendon strain, and taping to support the area during activity.

In more persistent cases, advanced treatments like shock wave therapy may be considered. Surgical intervention is typically a last resort for chronic, unresponsive cases.

Introducing AchilloForce® by DonJoy®: a new ankle support for Achilles tendonitis

For patients suffering with Achilles tendonitis, a new product by DonJoy® may offer relief. AchilloForce® is an elastic knitted ankle brace with an integrated pad covering the Achilles tendon area. This combination of compressive sleeve and cushioning pad can help deliver comfortable and easy relief and proprioception for Achilles tendon pain and inflammation.

The brace simply slides over the foot (with or without a sock on underneath) and is fixed in place by a simple two-part hook-and-loop closure at the front. Because of its slim profile, it fits easily into a shoe, and its breathable materials help the foot stay cool and dry during wear.

What’s more, AchilloForce comes with a pair of silicone heel wedges – placing one of these into the shoe underneath the heel provides extra cushioning for further relief of the Achilles tendon.

DonJoy AchilloForce Achilles tendon ankle support

To learn more about AchilloForce, visit enovis-medtech.eu

Introducing DonJoy ActyLight®: fit-and-forget ankle support

Posted on | by Matthew Blackwell

Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common sports-related injuries1; in the United States alone, more than 23,000 people suffer a lateral ankle sprain every day.2 To help address this situation, DonJoy® introduces the new DonJoy ActyLight®, an ankle support so comfortable and easy to fit, you’ll forget you’re even wearing it.

What is an ankle sprain, and why do they happen?

When the ligaments of the ankle are damaged, this is called a sprain. If the foot suddenly rolls inward during activity, the subsequent forceful ankle plantarflexion and inversion can result in stretching and tearing of the ankle ligament fibers. As well as causing swelling and bruising, sprains are usually painful, especially when the person attempts to put weight on the foot.

Ankle sprains are categorized into three grades of severity:

  • Grade I (Mild): This involves minor stretching and tiny tears in the ligament fibers, leading to mild tenderness and swelling around the ankle.
  • Grade II (Moderate): In this grade, there is partial tearing of the ligament, resulting in moderate tenderness and swelling around the ankle. Certain movements can cause some abnormal looseness in the ankle joint.
  • Grade III (Severe): This is the most severe grade, where the ligament is completely torn. It leads to significant tenderness and swelling around the ankle, and certain movements can cause substantial instability in the ankle joint.

What is chronic ankle instability?

Approximately 40% of individuals who suffer an ankle sprain later develop chronic ankle instability (CAI) and report persistent symptoms.3,4 This condition is marked by sensations or instances of the ankle unexpectedly giving way.5

People with CAI commonly experience ongoing symptoms such as persistent swelling, pain, weakness, restricted ankle movement, instability, reduced self-reported functionality, and recurrent ankle sprains.5,6

CAI has been recognized as a precursor to ankle osteoarthritis (OA), with its onset typically happening a decade earlier than knee or hip OA.7

Chronic ankle sprains might necessitate surgical intervention through arthroscopic ligament reconstruction. Individuals with CAI are noted to exhibit both mechanical instability, related to structural changes around the ankle, and functional instability, which is associated with decreased sensorimotor and neuromuscular control.8

Bracing for chronic ankle instability

An ankle brace is worn to support and stabilize the ankle, either as a preventive measure or after an injury has occurred. These braces come in soft or semi-rigid varieties and are intended for one or more of the following purposes:

  • Improve ankle stiffness and thus mechanical stability9
  • Improve neuromuscular control10
  • Improve grounding of the foot10
  • Decrease excessive range of motion (ROM)9
  • Enhance proprioceptive acuity (the body’s ability to sense its own location, movement, and actions)11

Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of ankle bracing in these areas.

In 1998, Vaes et al. discovered that the Aircast® Air-Stirrup® brace significantly reduced talar tilt in unstable ankles during static and dynamic tests, and it slowed down the simulated sprain speed.12

In a study from 2000, Hals et al. demonstrated a significant enhancement in shuttle-run performance among subjects with post-acute, mechanically stable yet functionally unstable ankle sprains when using the Aircast Sport Stirrup® brace.13

A randomized controlled trial conducted by Janssen et al. in 2014, involving 384 athletes who had experienced a lateral ankle sprain, revealed that using an Aircast A60™ brace was more effective than neuromuscular training in reducing the recurrence of ankle sprains.14

Habadi et al. (2014) showed the advantages of soft and semi-rigid ankle orthoses in improving the dynamic balance of individuals with functional ankle instability.15

And a 2020 systematic review by Reyburn and Powden concluded that the current body of research strongly supports the positive impact of ankle braces on the dynamic balance of individuals with CAI.16

Introducing ActyLight by DonJoy®: fit-and-forget ankle support

The convenience and comfort of the DonJoy ActyLight® ankle support means patients will forget they’re even wearing it.

Designed to deliver stability and protection for mild to moderate lateral ankle sprains, thanks to its removable bilateral stays, quick lace-locking mechanism, and step-in design, this modular brace can also be used for the prevention of ankle injuries.

All of this means that patients can rely on ActyLight throughout their journey of activity, from healthy, active use, to support following injury, and to prevention of reinjury in the future.

DonJoy ActyLight ankle support

To find out more about DonJoy ActyLight, go to enovis-medtech.eu.

References

  1. Fong, D.T.P., Hong, Y., Chan, L.K., Yung, P.S.H. and Chan, K.M., (2007). A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports medicine, 37(1), pp.73-94.
  2. Hubbard, T.J. and Wikstrom, E.A., (2010). Ankle sprain: pathophysiology, predisposing factors, and management strategies. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 1, p.115.
  3. Anandacoomarasamy, A. & Barnsley, L. (2005). Long term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries. Br J Sports Med, 39(3): e14; discussion e14.
  4. Konradsen L., Bech L., Ehrenbjerg M. & Nickelsen T. (2002). Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 12(3): 129-135.
  5. Hertel, J. & Corbett, R.O. (2019). An updated model of chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 54(6): 572-588.
  6. Ahn, C. S., Kim, H. S., & Kim, M. C. (2011). The Effect of the EMG Activity of the Lower Leg with Dynamic Balance of the Recreational Athletes. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 579–583.
  7. Saltzman, C.L., Zimmerman, M.B., O’Rourke, M., Brown, T.D., Buckwalter, J.A. & Johnston, R. (2006). Impact of comorbidities on the measurement of health in patients with ankle osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am., 88(11): 2366-2372.
  8. Hertel, J., (2002). Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 37(4): 364.
  9. Zinder, S.M., Granata, K.P., Shultz, S.J. & Gansneder, B.M. (2009). Ankle bracing and the neuromuscular factors influencing joint stiffness. Journal of Athletic Training, 44(4): 363-369.
  10. Kobayashi, T., Saka, M., Suzuki, E., Yamazaki, N., Suzukawa, M., Akaike, A., Shimizu, K. & Gamada, K. (2014). The effects of a semi-rigid brace or taping on talocrural and subtalar kinematics in chronic ankle instability. Foot & Ankle Specialist, 7(6): 471-477.
  11. Raymond, J., Nicholson, L.L., Hiller, C.E. & Refshauge, K.M. (2012). The effect of ankle taping or bracing on proprioception in functional ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(5): 386-392.
  12. Vaes, P. H., Duquet, W., Casteleyn, P. P., Handelberg, F., & Opdecam, P. (1998). Static and dynamic roentgenographic analysis of ankle stability in braced and nonbraced stable and functionally unstable ankles. The American journal of sports medicine, 26(5): 692–702.
  13. Hals, T. M., Sitler, M. R., & Mattacola, C. G. (2000). Effect of a semi-rigid ankle stabilizer on performance in persons with functional ankle instability. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 30(9), 552–556.
  14. Janssen, K. W., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. A. (2014). Bracing superior to neuromuscular training for the prevention of self-reported recurrent ankle sprains: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. British journal of sports medicine, 48(16): 1235–1239.
  15. Hadadi, M., Mousavi, M. E., Fardipour, S., Vameghi, R., & Mazaheri, M. (2014). Effect of soft and semirigid ankle orthoses on Star Excursion Balance Test performance in patients with functional ankle instability. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 17(4): 430–433.
  16. Reyburn, R. J., & Powden, C. J. (2020). Dynamic Balance Measures in Healthy and Chronic Ankle Instability Participants While Wearing Ankle Braces: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 30(4): 660–667.

The link between COVID-19 and heel pain

Posted on | by Matthew Blackwell

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, the number of patients reporting heel pain has risen. The condition is now so common it has come to be known as “pandemic foot”. Is there really a link between COVID-19 and heel pain, and if so, what treatment options are available?

What is plantar fasciitis?

While “pandemic foot” might be a catchy name, the correct medical term is plantar heel pain, or plantar fasciitis. This condition presents as pain felt on the bottom of the foot around the heel and arch. It is an overuse condition often associated with runners, especially those over the age of 40.

Excessive pressure on the foot, along with a tight calf or Achilles tendon, can cause inflammation of the plantar fascia, the thick band of tissue on the bottom of the foot connecting the heel to the toes.

The pain is commonly felt during the first step, as well as during weight-bearing tasks, particularly after periods of rest.1 Patients often report the pain at its worst as they take their first steps of the day after getting out of bed. It typically decreases as the calf and Achilles tendon become looser during activity, only to return the following day after things have tightened up again during the night.

Does COVID-19 cause plantar fasciitis?

There is no current evidence to suggest there is a direct link between COVID-19 and heel pain. Instead, the rise in plantar fasciitis is more likely to be due to the changes in our daily lives the pandemic has brought about.

Gym attendances have declined since the beginning of the pandemic, with outdoor running and walking becoming more popular instead. More running and walking mean more stress on the plantar fascia, which, due to an increase in flexible working, can be exacerbated by more time spent walking around at home in bare feet, slippers, or flip-flops.

Without the additional support that a heeled shoe can provide, like those typically worn in office environments, the foot spends more time in a flat position, which, for extended periods, can put additional strain on the fascia. Add to this stiff muscles and tendons from running, and you have a recipe for plantar fasciitis. This is the indirect link between COVID-19 and heel pain.

How can heel pain be treated?

There are a number of conservative treatment options for plantar fasciitis. They range from relatively simple orthotics to more advanced rehabilitation devices.

Taping for heel pain

Physio tape (also known as kinesiology tape) like Chatt-Tape is elastic adhesive tape that can be applied to parts of the body to aid healing and recuperation of the soft tissue.2

Tape can be applied to the heel, ankle, and underside of the foot to release tension in the plantar fascia as well as stabilize it. A study by Tezel et al. (2020) showed that kinesiology tape provided pain relief and improved quality of life for patients with plantar fasciitis, as well as improved functionality.3

Chatt-Tape plantar fasciitis
Aircast AirHeel and Dorsal Night Splint

Bracing for heel pain

Plantar fasciitis can be relieved by wearing an orthotic during the night to help reduce the tightening of the calf muscles and Achilles tendon.4 One such device is Aircast’s Dorsal Night Splint; this product is worn while the patient sleeps, to maintain the position of the foot at 90°, thereby helping to stretch the calf and Achilles tendon.

Another type of foot orthosis for plantar fasciitis is a pneumatic ankle brace. Also from Aircast, the AirHeel is designed to treat plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, and heel pain. Using two interconnected aircells located under the foot arch and in the back of the heel, the brace applies pulsating compression with every step to help reduce swelling and discomfort and enhance circulation.

Kavros’s 2005 study showed that patients with higher plantar fasciitis pain experience faster relief with the Airheel than with a shoe insert.5

Shock wave therapy for heel pain

Shock wave therapy is an electronic modality that uses acoustic waves to stimulate the body on a cellular level for healing purposes. Generally divided into focused shock wave (F-SW) and radial pressure wave (RPW) therapy, shock wave therapy has been shown to be a clinically proven treatment option for plantar fasciitis, especially when treatments like taping have not been successful.1

In a 2022 study by Wheeler et al., RPW treatment provided significant improvement of pain and function in patients with chronic plantar fasciopathy.6

Intelect 2 RPW
LightForce laser therapy

High power laser therapy for heel pain

High power laser therapy, like that offered by LightForce, uses the energy of focused light to trigger the body’s natural healing processes, thereby speeding recovery.

Ordahan et al.’s 2018 study demonstrated that high power laser therapy provided improvement of pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis.7

Combining laser therapy with shock wave therapy has shown to be even more effective.8

To learn more about products for heel pain, visit enovis-medtech.eu

References

  1. Morrissey, D., Cotchett, M., Said J’Bari, A., Prior, T., Griffiths, I. B., Rathleff, M. S., Gulle, H., Vicenzino, B., & Barton, C. J. (2021). Management of plantar heel pain: a best practice guide informed by a systematic review, expert clinical reasoning and patient values. British journal of sports medicine, 55(19), 1106–1118.
  2. Homayouni, K., et al. (2013). Comparison between kinesio taping and physiotherapy in the treatment of de Quervain’s disease. J. Musculoskelet. Res. 16(4).
  3. Tezel, N., Umay, E., Bulut, M., Cakci, A (2020). Short-Term Efficacy of Kinesiotaping versus Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Study. Saudi J Med Med Sci. Sep-Dec;8(3):181-187.
  4. Powell, M., Post, W. R., Keener, J., & Wearden, S. (1998). Effective treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis with dorsiflexion night splints: a crossover prospective randomized outcome study. Foot & ankle international, 19(1), 10–18.
  5. Kavros, S. J. (2005). The efficacy of a pneumatic compression device in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Journal of applied biomechanics, 21(4), 404–413.
  6. Wheeler, P. C., Dudson, C., & Calver, R. (2022). Radial Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (rESWT) is not superior to “minimal-dose” rESWT for patients with chronic plantar fasciopathy; a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 28(8), 1356–1365.
  7. Ordahan, B., Karahan, A. Y., & Kaydok, E. (2018). The effect of high-intensity versus low-level laser therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers in medical science, 33(6), 1363–1369.
  8. Takla, M. K. N., & Rezk, S. S. R. (2019). Clinical effectiveness of multi-wavelength photobiomodulation therapy as an adjunct to extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the management of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers in medical science, 34(3), 583–593.

Managing ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability with bracing

Posted on | by Matthew Blackwell

An ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries experienced in physically active populations1 and one of the most frequent sport-related injuries,2 with indoor/court sports having the highest incidence.3

Such injuries can result in the ankle joint becoming abnormally loose, which can then lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The pain, stiffness, and loss of confidence associated with CAI can be a major hindrance to physical activity, and the condition may require surgery to remedy.

However, functional ankle braces offer patients a conservative way to manage both acute and chronic ankle injuries. This article examines the evidence for these products.

What is an ankle sprain?

Lateral ankle sprains can occur due to forceful ankle plantarflexion and inversion,4 when the foot suddenly rolls inward, resulting in damage to the ligaments of the ankle. In addition to pain, the patient may experience swelling, bruising, and additional discomfort when attempting to put weight on the foot.

There are three categories of sprain, increasing in seriousness:

  • Grade I (Mild):  Features slight stretching and microscopic tearing of the ligament fibers, resulting in mild tenderness and swelling around the ankle
  • Grade II (Moderate): Partial tearing of the ligament occurs, resulting in moderate tenderness and swelling around the ankle. When the ankle moves in certain ways, there is an abnormal looseness of the ankle joint
  • Grade III (Severe): The ligament is completely torn, resulting in significant tenderness and swelling around the ankle. When the ankle moves in certain ways, substantial instability occurs

What is chronic ankle instability?

40% of those who experience an ankle sprain go on to develop chronic ankle instability (CAI) and complain of chronic symptoms.5,6 This is a condition characterized by the feeling, or the actual occurrence, of the ankle giving way.7

Grades of ankle sprain

Individuals with CAI often experience persistent swelling, pain, weakness, reduced ankle range of motion (ROM), ankle instability, diminished self-reported function, and recurrent ankle sprains.7,8

CAI has been identified as a precursor for ankle osteoarthritis (OA), and onset usually occurs a decade earlier than knee or hip OA.9

Chronic ankle sprains may require surgery in the form of arthroscopic ligament reconstruction. Individuals with CAI have been identified as having mechanical instability, relating to structural changes around the ankle, and functional instability which has been associated with a reduction in sensorimotor and neuromuscular control.10

Bracing for chronic ankle instability

An ankle brace is a garment designed to stabilize the ankle before or after injury. Available in soft or semi-rigid types, these braces are designed to perform some or all of the following functions:

  • Improve ankle stiffness and thus mechanical stability11
  • Improve neuromuscular control12
  • Improve grounding of the foot12
  • Decrease excessive ROM11
  • Enhance proprioceptive acuity (the body’s ability to sense its own location, movement, and actions)13

Several clinical studies have been carried out to determine the effectiveness of ankle bracing in these areas.

Hals et al.’s 2000 study showed the Aircast® Sport Stirrup® significantly improved shuttle-run performance in subjects with post-acute, unilateral, mechanically stable but functionally unstable ankle sprains.14

Habadi et al. (2014), demonstrated that soft and semi-rigid ankle orthoses are beneficial for dynamic balance of individuals with functional ankle instability.15

In their 2020 systematic review, Reyburn and Powden found that the current literature supports a strong effect of ankle braces on the dynamic balance of those with CAI.16

In 1998, Vaes et al. discovered the Aircast Air-Stirrup® brace significantly decreased talar tilt of unstable ankles in static and dynamic test conditions and slowed down the simulated sprain speed.17

A randomized controlled trial by Janssen et al. (2014), including 384 athletes who had sustained a lateral ankle sprain, revealed that bracing with an Aircast A60™ brace was superior to neuromuscular training for reducing the incidence of ankle sprain recurrence.18

Introducing ActyFoot™ by Aircast® – the ankle support putting patients in control of stability

The latest ankle support from Aircast, ActyFoot™ provides a functional, modular management option to help protect existing ankle injuries or prevent them from occurring in the first place.

Thanks to its modular design, ActyFoot allows patients to control the level of stability their ankle needs. By simply adding the attachable lateral stay, patients can receive the benefit of increased immobilization and protection to aid recovery following injury or for added confidence during activity.

Without the stay, the unique strap system provides sufficient support for sports and daily activities while allowing greater freedom of movement.

ActyFoot ankle support from Aircast

How ActyFoot helps to provide ankle stability

The brace’s three integrated straps provide proprioceptive feedback and work together with semi-rigid elements to stabilize the ankle and restrict excessive range of movement.

Learn more
How ActyFoot helps to provide ankle stability

References

  1. Hootman, J.M., Dick, R. & Agel, J. (2007). Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. Journal of athletic training, 42(2): 311.
  2. Fong, D.T.P., Hong, Y., Chan, L.K., Yung, P.S.H. & Chan, K.M. (2007). A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports medicine, 37(1): 73-94.
  3. Doherty, C., Delahunt, E., Caulfield, B., Hertel, J., Ryan, J. & Bleakley, C. (2014). The incidence and prevalence of ankle sprain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Sports medicine, 44(1): 123-140.
  4. Hubbard, T.J. & Wikstrom, E.A. (2010). Ankle sprain: pathophysiology, predisposing factors, and management strategies. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 1: 115.
  5. Anandacoomarasamy, A. & Barnsley, L. (2005). Long term outcomes of inversion ankle injuries. Br J Sports Med, 39(3): e14; discussion e14.
  6. Konradsen L., Bech L., Ehrenbjerg M. & Nickelsen T. (2002). Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 12(3): 129-135.
  7. Hertel, J. & Corbett, R.O. (2019). An updated model of chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 54(6): 572-588.
  8. Ahn, C. S., Kim, H. S., & Kim, M. C. (2011). The Effect of the EMG Activity of the Lower Leg with Dynamic Balance of the Recreational Athletes. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 579–583.
  9. Saltzman, C.L., Zimmerman, M.B., O’Rourke, M., Brown, T.D., Buckwalter, J.A. & Johnston, R. (2006). Impact of comorbidities on the measurement of health in patients with ankle osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am., 88(11): 2366-2372.
  10. Hertel, J., (2002). Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 37(4): 364.
  11. Zinder, S.M., Granata, K.P., Shultz, S.J. & Gansneder, B.M. (2009). Ankle bracing and the neuromuscular factors influencing joint stiffness. Journal of Athletic Training, 44(4): 363-369.
  12. Kobayashi, T., Saka, M., Suzuki, E., Yamazaki, N., Suzukawa, M., Akaike, A., Shimizu, K. & Gamada, K. (2014). The effects of a semi-rigid brace or taping on talocrural and subtalar kinematics in chronic ankle instability. Foot & Ankle Specialist, 7(6): 471-477.
  13. Raymond, J., Nicholson, L.L., Hiller, C.E. & Refshauge, K.M. (2012). The effect of ankle taping or bracing on proprioception in functional ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(5): 386-392.
  14. Hals, T. M., Sitler, M. R., & Mattacola, C. G. (2000). Effect of a semi-rigid ankle stabilizer on performance in persons with functional ankle instability. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 30(9), 552–556.
  15. Hadadi, M., Mousavi, M. E., Fardipour, S., Vameghi, R., & Mazaheri, M. (2014). Effect of soft and semirigid ankle orthoses on Star Excursion Balance Test performance in patients with functional ankle instability. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 17(4): 430–433.
  16. Reyburn, R. J., & Powden, C. J. (2020). Dynamic Balance Measures in Healthy and Chronic Ankle Instability Participants While Wearing Ankle Braces: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 30(4): 660–667.
  17. Vaes, P. H., Duquet, W., Casteleyn, P. P., Handelberg, F., & Opdecam, P. (1998). Static and dynamic roentgenographic analysis of ankle stability in braced and nonbraced stable and functionally unstable ankles. The American journal of sports medicine, 26(5): 692–702.
  18. Janssen, K. W., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. A. (2014). Bracing superior to neuromuscular training for the prevention of self-reported recurrent ankle sprains: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. British journal of sports medicine, 48(16): 1235–1239.

How a Splint Can Help Relieve Bunion Pain

Posted on | by Matthew Blackwell

Hallux Valgus – or bunion – is one of the most common foot deformities, especially for women, who are 15 times more likely to have corrective surgery for the condition than men. Because of its weaker connective tissue, the big toe can become misaligned, resulting in an unsightly and painful protrusion from the foot.

As well as being unattractive and making it harder to choose shoes, bunions also cause painful pressure points and inflammation. Without corrective action, they can lead to functional disability, foot pain, impaired gait patterns, poor balance and falls in older adults.

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR BUNIONS

While only surgery can fully correct a bunion, a range of conservative treatment options has been shown to be effective in helping correct misalignment and provide pain relief, including after surgery1. These include hinged splints, rigid splints, foot braces, toe separators, and foot cushions.

Rigid Bunion Splints

A rigid bunion splint, or night splint, is attached to the affected side of the foot to help provide immobilization and support. While night splints can help relieve pain² and correct malpositioning3, their rigid construction means they are only suitable to be worn during rest periods and at night.

Hinged bunion splints

A hinged bunion splint works on the same principle as a rigid splint, but adds a hinged joint to allow the patient to move while wearing it. This makes hinged splints convenient for bunion patients looking for correction and pain relief while continuing their normal daily activities. 3

Soft braces

Soft braces aim to provide support and pain relief without the inclusion of rigid elements. They may take the form of an elasticated strap or even a supported sock, and offer a low profile to allow them to be comfortably worn with footwear.

Foot cushions

Along with insoles that can be worn inside shoes, small toe and foot cushions are available to help provide comfort and soft protection for bunions and other toe and forefoot conditions. These products can include foot pads and toe spacers and are usually made of soft rubber-like materials.

INTRODUCING THE NEW RANGE OF BUNION SPLINTS AND FOOT CARE PRODUCTS

Medical device manufacturer Aircast® has provided patients with innovative healthcare solutions for over 30 years, and now it’s launching a comprehensive portfolio of hallux valgus and foot protection products. Designed to address bunions and other foot disorders, together they help provide patients with correction, protection and pain relief.

The range comprises of three splints and nine SofToes™ foot protection products:

ActyToe™

A low-profile, lockable hinged bunion splint, ActyToe™ can be worn with shoes for active use, as well as during rest and throughout the night. Whether you’re on the go or on the mend, the adjustable and versatile ActyToe hinged splint helps provide functional pain relief and correction for bunions.

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ActyToe™ Night

A rigid bunion splint for use during rest and throughout the night. For patients with bunions, ActyToe™ Night combines rigid support with adjustability to help provide comfortable pain relief and correction during rest.

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ActyToe™ Lift

A mid-foot bunion and splay foot brace with pad. Thanks to its low-profile design and comfortable arch pad, the ActyToe™ Lift mid-foot brace helps provide adjustable pain relief during activity and rest for a range of foot conditions.

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SofToes™

The innovative Aircast® SofToes range helps provide solutions for a variety of needs in the toe area. These ergonomic cushions help provide gentle protection, soft comfort and secure support, while a subtle hint of menthol helps maintain a fresh, airy smell.

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References

  1. Torkki M, Malmivaara A, Seitsalo S, Hoikka V, Laippala P, Paavolainen P. Hallux valgus: immediate operation versus 1 year of waiting with or without orthoses: a randomized controlled trial of 209 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2003 Apr;74(2):209-15.
  2. du Plessis M, Zipfel B, Brantingham JW, Parkin-Smith GF, Birdsey P, Globe G, Cassa TK. Manual and manipulative therapy compared to night splint for symptomatic hallux abducto valgus: an exploratory randomised clinical trial. Foot (Edinb). 2011 Jun;21(2):71-8.
  3. Moulodi N, Kamyab M, Farzadi M. A comparison of the hallux valgus angle, range of motion, and patient satisfaction after use of dynamic and static orthoses. Foot (Edinb). 2019 Dec;41:6-11.